PREVIEW
What international declarations and treaties promoting minority rights do you know about?
When the UN was formed after World War II, there were no particular rights for minority groups. Instead, the UN promoted basic civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for all human beings. Later, the UN realised that universal rights did not protect the rights of minority groups to their languages and cultures and to a degree of autonomy. The UN and other international organisations then started to create new treaties aimed at protecting minority groups. These were in two main areas: one specifically for ‘indigenous peoples’ and the other for ‘minorities’ in general.
The International Labour Organisation (ILO), a specialised agency of the UN, adopted the Convention Concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries (ILO Convention 169) in 1989. This is legally binding and it is the core international treaty protecting the rights of indigenous groups. The UN followed this by adopting its non-binding Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) in 2007.
For minority groups in general, the UN passed the legally binding International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) in 1969. In 1992, it also passed the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities (UNDM). This focused on specific minority groups and gave them particular rights. Although it is non-binding, it is considered as a key document defining the rights of these minority groups.
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